Ethics in Action: Suspected Impairment Essay

Ethics is defined as the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation. For the physical therapy assistant, it means a standardized conduct geared towards proper and successful patient care. The physical therapist assistant follows a certain standard for ethical conduct to effectively aid physical therapists and to be sensitive and efficient health workers. In this situation, we are dealing with the case of a 35 year old stressed-out woman with an odd behavior, who later on presented with slurring of speech. Slurring of speech can be due to many factors but majority of which are associated with cerebrovascular disease or stroke. In this situation, we are going to apply the American Physical Therapy Association Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant. The seven standards of ethical conduct seem to show us the values of an ideal physical therapy assistant: respect, trustworthiness, competence, compliance to legislations and responsibility. In analyzing this case, we realize various problems. At the start of the session, the patient was behaving oddly. Although she claims to be euphoric, signs of lethargy still seemed apparent. Later on, she succumbs to this lethargy or generalized body malaise by falling asleep on the mat. Later on, she manifests slurring of speech, which may be due to some problems. The most common cause of slurring of speech is stroke. Other factors that may cause this manifestation are electrolyte imbalance caused by strenuous physical activity, side effects of medications or it is simply due to drowsiness. However we see an imminent danger; she lives far from the clinic where you live and wants to drive all by herself—in her condition. We quickly realize a possible outcome—the danger of meeting accidents on the road in her condition. Recognizing our problem, some of our values as physical therapist assistants are challenged. The situation challenges our respect towards our client. Respect is defined as consideration and the avoidance of interfering with or intruding upon. In this case, we are breaching against the right of the patient to make her own decisions. We seem to not respect this right because we want to have things done our own way and not hers. Thus, this situation does not only concern our patient; it also concerns the physical therapy assistant. In this situation, we are having a patient-health care professional relationship. In turn, this situation challenges us to practice the rest of the 7 standards of ethical conduct. This situation motivates us to practice trustworthiness towards our patient. In this sense, we should show our patient how worthy we are of their trust towards us. We should show them that we are concerned about their health and well-being. We should explain to our patient that we think driving in our condition poses a hazard to her and makes her prone to road accidents. By doing this, we should tell her our real intention—that we are just after her health and safety. Standard 6 of American Physical Therapy Association Standards of Ethical Conduct states that a physical therapy assistant shall make judgments that are commensurate with their educational and legal qualifications as a physical therapist assistant. Judgment per se means â€Å"good sense†, discernment, understanding, the act or mental faculty by which man compares ideas and ascertains the relations of terms and propositions. In this situation, we discern that our patient should not continue driving her own car alone. In our understanding, she is not fit to do it and we are subjecting the patient to harm and injury, as she is prone to accidents in her present condition. Also, it is in our discernment that she should go to the nearest hospital to have her neurological status assessed and her health problems addressed properly. By doing these things, we are fulfilling Standard 7, which states that a physical therapist assistant should protect the public and the profession from unethical, incompetent and illegal acts. In addition to the above values, this situation requires moral sensitivity, moral judgment, moral motivation and moral courage. All these individual processes are needed in our situation. Morality means conformation to the principles of good conduct and virtue. By being morally sensitive, we mean that we are easily affected and moved towards betterment and towards good conduct. In our case, we are moved towards helping our patient and towards helping her attain good health and well being. We are moved towards preventing her from being alone, and we are moved towards accompanying her to the nearest medical hospital so that proper medical attention shall be given. Moral judgment means discernment towards the good of the patient. We discern what is best of her. We anticipate the accidents she will be at risk of and the many problems that may be etiologies of her neurological deficit. Motivation is defined as a process which incites to action and the determination of the choice or movement of will. In that case, moral motivation is also applicable in this situation. We are moved towards helping our patient; our action is for her good health and safety. Moral change is also needed in our situation. It is the process of encountering danger and difficulties with firmness and with intrepidity, for a good and noble cause. We have the courage to act for the well-being of our patient and we go beyond our duties to ensure her safety. This situation does not only involve the physical therapy assistant and the patient, it also involves the family members. In this case, it is proper that we talk to the other family members about the patient’s condition. It is essential to differentiate four terms in this context: the terms problem, dilemma, distress and temptation. A problem is defined as a question proposed for solution, decision or determination; a knotty point requiring clarification. A dilemma means a situation requiring a choice between equally objectionable alternatives; a problem that seems incapable of being resolved satisfactorily. Distress means extreme pain, anguish of the body or mind; that which causes suffering, affliction, calamity, adversity, misery and calamity. The term temptation means an enticement to an act which is evil, immoral or unwise. Yes, our situation is a problem by itself; it needed immediate solution and decision. It is also a dilemma because it poses a choice—whether to let the patient do what she wants or to accompany her to the nearest hospital beyond our duty hours. Our situation is not necessarily a distress but is a prelude to suffering, injury and misery. Certainly, this is not a temptation per se but temptation lurks for every health care professional who counts his or her duty days and does not extend his or her duty in terms of danger or calamity. The dictum for every health care professional is: Love your work. Temptation to do things our way and to be selfish and insensitive to the needs of our patients is a barrier to every health care professional. There are some health care professionals who punch in at 8 AM and go home at 5PM, regardless of what happens to their patients. These are the type of health care professionals who think of their jobs as routine and who takes these jobs as just a job for financial security, but is not their career. A career is something a person puts his or her heart into. As health care professionals, we must think of caring for patients as a career, not as a routine job. This problem, obviously, is not treated with silence. It entices action of the health care professional who cares deeply for his or her patients. In this sense, the situation requires a moral action, brought about by moral sensitivity, judgment, motivation and courage.

What Is the Real Deal with Adhd? – Paper

paper What is the real deal with ADHD? Temple N. Bostic PSY 360: Survey of Mental Health Destiny Champion November 4, 2012 Abstract Many children today are beginning to fall under an umbrella or diagnosis of ADHD that tends to be the ’in’ thing for doctors to say is wrong with them. If a child is a little hyper or of task for any reason, they are said to have ADHD. Regardless of the underlying problems such as issues in the home, these children are placed on medication that many of them do not need, for a condition that the majority of them do not have.At first it was just ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder), but then they added the hyperactivity to it and everyone ran with it. That is not to say that there are not some children in the world that are truly suffering from this disorder, but the fact remains that those who are being medicated should be watched and monitored just a little more closely. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate the knowledge that I have lear ned from this course as well as life lessons. When you sum it all up, everyone wants to know: What is the real deal with ADHD?What is the real deal with ADHD? The children of today’s era are afflicted with many different mental health issues that can cause problem within the family and at school. Regardless of the fact that some of these issues are a direct result from the life they are living at home or the rearing they had, it is the determination of how the problem will be addressed that is the factor of the environment. Some children are born with mental disabilities, while some have the traits that come out at a certain point in their childhood.Regardless of when mental illness rears its head or the type it is, the fact is that they receive the proper treatment and counseling for the particular problem that they have. In the late 80’s, the diagnosis of ADD came on the scene to answer to the problems that children were having regarding their attentiveness in school as well as at home. Attention Deficit Disorder is characterized by inattentiveness, easy distractibility and often insomnia. While ADHD has the same symptoms with the addition of hyperactivity, ADD is the original diagnosis.ADHD did not begin its reign until the mid 90’s when children began to show the symptoms of ADD, but with hyperactivity. Once this was taken into consideration and fully analyzed, ADHD was born and hit the diagnosis airwaves. Many people think that only children receive the diagnosis of ADHD, but in all actuality there are just as many adults that suffer from this disorder as well. Adult ADHD can be just as difficult as it is for the younger clients.As an adult, there are the issues of trying to focus on the daily tasks of work, home and even family; this can become very trying when you are easily distracted, hyperactive at the wrong times and very inattentive. Some young people even carry the disorder from their teenage years into adulthood, when for som e it usually begins to taper off or go away. References Hammerness, P. , Geller, D. , Petty, C. , Lamb, A. , Bristol, E. , Biedermont, J. (2010) Does ADHD moderate the manifestation of anxiety disorders in children?Hurtig, T. , Ebeling, H. , Taanila, A. (2007) ADHD and co morbid disorders in relation to family environment and symptom severity. Rucklidge, J. J. (2008) Gender differences in ADHD: Implications for psychosocial treatment. Ohan, J. L. , Johnston, C. (2007) What is the social impact of ADHD in girls? : A multi-method assessment. Woodard, R. (2006) The diagnosis and medical treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents in primary care: A practical guide. Paloyelis, Y. , Rijsdijk, F. , Wood, A. C. , Asherson, P. , Kuntsi, J. 2010) The Genetic Association Between ADHD Symptoms and Reading Difficulties: The Role of Inattentiveness and IQ. dosReis, S. , Barksdale, C. L. , Sherman, A. , Maloney, K. , Charach, A. (2010) Stigmatizing Experiences of Parents of Children With a New Diagnosis of ADHD. Spencer, S. V. , Hawk Jr. , L. W. , Richards, J. B. , Shiels, K. , Pelham Jr. , W. E. , Waxmonsky, J. G. (2009) Stimulant Treatment Reduces Lapses in Attention among Children with ADHD: The Effects of Methylphenidate on Intra-Individual Response Time Distributions.

Benefits of Reading Essay Example for Free (#3)

Benefits of Reading Essay Reading maketh a man. Today, we enjoy such a wide array of reading material ranging from books, magazines, newspapers, comics and the latest e-books. However, we still do not make it a habit to read. This fact can be consolidated by a recent survey that has singled out that a majority of citizens hardly read. What a shame! Obviously, we do not realize the importance of reading. In this era of modernization, in order to become a successful person or a top-notch student, we should enrich ourselves with adequate knowledge and perspective. Instead, citizens in developed countries like Russia, China, Japan, Korea and Australia are enriching themselves with knowledge and information. Thus, it is high time that we make it a point to read. First and foremost, reading is the perfect platform for us to improve our knowledge. It is undisputable that, nowadays, the bookstores are flooded with various kinds of reading materials dealing with different subjects. By reading numerous genres of books, we are able to broaden our minds. For example, we can always flip through magazines or books to acquire knowledge and information on particular fields. Magazines like National Geographic, Popular Science, Discovery, Chips , Time and Reader’s Digest provide a colossal of information about science and the latest technologies. Those who are interested in technology will stand a golden opportunity to have a deep understanding on technology and thus helping them to get a promising job in the future. Aside from this, reading helps us to keep abreast with the latest developments in the world. One can know about the news or headlines of the world by just skimming through newspapers or surfing the Internet. People who are informative and knowledgeable are not considered as â€Å"a frog under a coconut shell†. Hence, it is true that reading enable us to widen our knowledge besides of keeping us oblivious of the latest developments in the world. In other words, â€Å"reading is the window of the world†. Furthermore, reading stands us a good stead in improving our command of languages. It has become an irrefutable fact that most of the people around the globe are not highly proficient in English which is an international language. This is because they tend to stick to their mother tongue. Sadly, they do not realize the importance of English. In order to master the language, we should cultivate the habit of reading. By reading we are introduced to a thousand and one words that are seldom applied in speaking but may come in handy when comes to writing. Persons who hardly read will not be able to do well in his essay writing as he fails to acquire the essential writing skills. On top of that, he also fails to learn some useful words that are a necessity in writing a good essay. Thus, it can be said that reading increases one’s vocabulary as well as polishing up one’s writing skills. In addition, by reading we are able to be fluent in foreign languages like Japanese, Spanis h, Italian, Mandarin, French and Arabic, just to name a few. Therefore, we will have the ability to converse with the citizens of other countries. Nevertheless, reading provides relaxation and entertainment. It is an ubiquitous phenomenon that thousands of people in the world are deriving entertainment from reading. This is because reading is the best form of entertainment and relaxation after enduring their mind-boggling work. Reading helps them to vanquish their daily stress and soothe their pressured minds. Needless to say, we do not have to burn a hole in our pockets when we are craving for entertainment. Unlike DVDs or television programs, books are the cheapest source of entertainment which only cost us up to a few dollars, perhaps the most exorbitant books will only cost up to the maximum of 50 dollars which is within the budget of a layman. On the other hand, we should not overlook the advantage of reading which is associated with unleashing our creative powers. By reading thrilling story books like The Lost Symbol, Angels and Demons, Da Vinci Code, Digital Fortress which are written by a prominent author, Dan Brown will definitely keep us thinking about the plots. When we are thinking about the plots, question marks will be popped up in the frame of our minds. Subsequently, we will have to imagine the consequences or the next scenes of the story. All these require creativity, unlike watching movies or videos, where there is little left to the imagination. This is because the scenes are already portrayed using images or pictures. It is a huge fallacy to say that watching movies is far better than reading books to unleash one’s creativity. In a nutshell, it would cost us a fortune if we do not make an effort to read. If we take a close look at people who often read, they are generally creative, it is vital that every citizen in the world picks up the habit of reading. The government should play a pivotal role in promoting the habit of reading. Several awareness campaigns should be held in arm to raise the awareness of the nations on the importance of reading besides boosting the interest of the public in reading. Most importantly, parents should encourage their children to read when they are still young. Benefits of Reading. (2017, Jan 20).

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Leadership - Assignment Example He travelled the world spreading his teachings, which were to bring equality in the world. Similarly, Prophet Muhammad was also one of the leaders that displayed utter diligence in leadership during his tenure. Prophet Muhammad, as a leader, traveled across the world spreading Islamic teachings. His deeds, actions and manner of expression made it possible to relate to a large number of people across the world. In fact, Malcolm X was considered the most influential leader after Prophet Muhammad. Leadership is essentially a social interaction tool where one person is in control while the others extend support in achieving a common objective. Leaders have to provide direction in ensuring the common objective is achieved. Leadership entails a person that is straight forward and has the influence to effectively control the other people (Lussier and Achua, 2009). Such leaders are able to control organizations, manage resources despite concentrating on their personal issues. Leaders should, therefore, initiate projects, have positive influence on others, protect the rights of the people they lead and encourage peaceful living. Leaders that display such characteristics often leave adorable

Critically analyse the idea that Pluralism is an outdated view of Essay

Critically analyse the idea that Pluralism is an outdated view of industrial relations - Essay Example It is then significant to highlight a few of the key present issues regarding the conduct of labor in global corporate organizations. It is important to consider how IR as a professional approach addresses these issues and the difference among it and the other two fields of enquiry (Beaumont, PB 2005). Industry’ is on occasion equated with mechanized, as in contrasts among industry and services. ‘Industrial relations’ has in standard never been so controlled. In practice, though, notice until lately frequently focused on firm parts of the market. According to the industrial experts the term ‘industrial relations’ has turn into adequately entrenched that it is retained here to face relations among manager and worker in all spheres of financial movement. The focal point is service: all forms of trade and industry action in which an employee works beneath the influence of an employer (De Silva, S 2001). The further basic crisis, though, is that the require to present industrial relations as an independent playing field has led to an exceptionally reductive view of what constitutes industrial relations. Whilst the in general institutional form of the industrial relations system may possess an â€Å"international reason† which above all transmits compromises among industrial relations actors, an overstated attentiveness on organizations risks neglecting the matter of what industrial relations systems in fact do (Frenkel, S 2003). When analyzing the consequence of organizations systems on the founding of circumstances beneath which paid labour is probable to work, it fast becomes obvious that â€Å"the formation of rules† does not just originate from an independent industrial relations system, still although it is frequently transmitted during this system. What occurs inside industrial relations systems considerably reflects wider societal forces, in relation to industri al systems, the sexual category division of labour

Assignment (Economics) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

(Economics) - Assignment Example This is mainly because of overcrowding in the factory or when addition of extra labor results in over utilization of capital resources. Diseconomies of scale are observed when a firm becomes a large scale business but loses control over its cost structure, thereby resulting in high costs per unit. Management inefficiencies, poor communication and absence of motivated workers lead to decline in productivity and subsequently in diseconomies of scale. The average cost decreases as the quantity produced increases because the contribution of fixed costs to each unit decreases. For instance, the fixed costs remain same no matter what the quantity produced is; therefore, if more units are produced the total costs become low that then result in low average total costs. Assuming both firms have similar fixed costs, then the firm XYZ will have higher cost per kilowatt hour because its total output is three times below the output of ABC. For instance, the contribution of fixed costs in average cost per kilowatt hour will be higher in case of firm XYZ due to low productivity. Explicit costs are those that are incurred during business operations i-e producing and offering goods and services. Indeed, they lead to cash outflows. Implicit costs, in contrast, are the opportunity costs of using business resources / assets that could or could not be calculated in monetary terms. Total fixed costs remains same or unaffected as output rises in the short run, assuming no change in capital resources. However, if firm expands in the long run and rents a large building for office, factory or other business purposes, then its fixed costs will also be changed. If a flawless / impeccable car is built by a single highly specialized individual then I could pay what that car-manufacturing firm or individual person demands for that car because the utility that I would get from using that vehicle would

Why does 'Capturing the Friedmans' divide audiences so often Is this Essay

Why does 'Capturing the Friedmans' divide audiences so often Is this the result of its subject matter or how the film presents its material - Essay Example It is a fact to state that the material of the movie is the major cause for the division of the audience. There may be slight connection to the subject matter but if the documentary had revealed the facts in accord with truth without tempering with it than the audience may have not been divided themselves in to two different perspectives (Leadership Council, 2002). However, before the paper matures in to an argument it is essential to be familiar with all details of the case. The following paper is weaved using authentic websites, documents, books, and journal articles in order to present an argument which is solid in its essence and is impressionable. However, the use of websites is in excess in order to gain insight into the minds of its audience, who holds a conflicting view either with the documentary or a conflict of view among themselves. The conflict in my opinion after extensive research, occurs due to the material of the documentary, otherwise the case stands clear (Richard Webster, 2004). From today, 25 years ago the police officials came to the doorstep of the Friedmans to arrest Arnold Friedman for sexually abusing children. Arnold was soon exposed to the charges that were levied on him due to rapping dozens of boys inside his house form his computer class that he conducted at home. Although, the police was able to find the pornographic magazines there were no other such as physical evidence, found that would stand as a solid proof of the crimes that Arnold was convicted. Moreover, the movie did not show that there were any complaints before Arnold was convicted with the crime (Leadership Council, 2002). Before the giving a verdict it is imperative to take in to consideration the way the truth was moulded and fashioned and also to consider the arguments presented by the director in order to provide a statement to the critics. It is

End of life debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

End of life debate - Essay Example Various studies (Lee et al, 2010; Petri and Lazaro, 2009; Edworthy, 2005; and Ticaniet. Al, 2006) suggest that signs and symptoms commonly identified were butterfly rash over cheeks, photosensitivity, erythematous rash to areas exposed to sun, fatigue, malaise, early bruising, sudden weight gain or loss, hair loss, Raynaud’s phenomenon, joint pain and swelling, ulcers of the mouth and nose, plueritis, pericarditis, low grade fever, diarrhea and nausea and vomiting, hence identified as having multisystem effects. By this, SLE is considered to be one of the most serious rheumatic diseases however; the cause of death may not be directly attributed to the condition but to one or another of its many complications especially for severe cases (â€Å"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Prognosis†, undated). ... On this paper I will try to discuss and justify my position to support the continuity of life of patients with SLE, looking into the various aspects of medical care as well as the ethical, social, and financial considerations that should be taken relative to the patient’s medical care. A hypothetical scenario on the case of a 38 year- old woman was also presented earlier. The woman complains of fatigue, weight loss, oral ulcers, and malar rash around her cheeks, some hair loss for the past month and a bilateral color changes in her extremities which is induced by stress or variants in temperature. She was also seen in the emergency room two (2) weeks ago complaining of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash on her legs which was attributed to her travel to Brazil three (3) week ago, after the diagnosis the symptoms have resolved. Currently, she is not on any prescriptions or over the counter medications. Her past history is consistent of appendectomy at the age of 16 years and three (3) caesarian deliveries. Her family history is positive for hyperthyroidism in her mother and HTN in her father. Based on this scenario, the expected prognostic outcome of this patient is that she has a Widespread SLE. This chronic, lifelong disease was evident in her diagnosis and in the signs and symptoms she is experiencing. The disease may have started at her digestive system given by the various digestive related signs that she indicated during her medical consultation. She is already experiencing symptom relapses or flares from time to time but she can still do her normal activities 90% of the time as she was able to work and travel. Tests

Great Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Great Depression - Essay Example Many dynamics factored into bringing about the Great Depression but there were two central contributing causes. The first of these was that the wealth of the nation was unevenly distributed. A middle class, as we would define it today, did not exist. The country was literally divided between the ‘haves and the have nots.’ Some very few people had enormous wealth and power while a much greater number of the population consisted of those struggling to pay the bills each month. This condition established an unstable economy requiring only a small thing to send it off the tracks. This condition then combined with inflated speculations among the majority of stock market investors much like what has occurred recently in the marketplace. â€Å"The excessive speculation in the late 1920’s kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes. These market crashes, combined with the mal-distribution of wealth, caused the American economy to capsize† (Hicks, 1960 p. 110). The effects of the Great Depression were many and widespread. Banks were not federally mandated to insure depositors at this time. Therefore when the hundreds of banks suddenly failed, millions of people lost their life savings. Immediately following the bank failures, many factories were forced to close and all types and sizes of businesses dissolved leaving many workers without jobs or money in the bank. Many businesses and financial institutions failed. The businesses that stayed open were barely making enough to remain operational. The tax base fell suddenly which affected local governments, many of which could not continue to conduct some city services at a normal capacity. The price of farm products also fell sharply and the mass foreclosures of family farms soon followed causing bloody clashes between the owners and the bank representatives. Of those who were able to hold on to

From Islam to Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

From Islam to Christianity - Essay Example I never questioned the religion of my family. I had grown so used to it that it simply became a part of me. When I moved to the United States in 2000, I was met with a significantly different value system. To prevent myself from being tempted by other religions, I held strong to my Islamic beliefs. However, even with praying five times a day, and in a language that I did not understand, it always felt as though my prayers were bouncing off the ceiling. God seemed impossible to reach. The distance between God and I only seemed to grow when I found out that my mother had been diagnosed with cancer. After all the praying I had done for the health and safety of my family, I felt that God had failed. It was not long before I turned my back on God, saying blasphemous things and rejecting him entirely. During this rough time, I sought that advice of one of my closest friends, a Christian who I had met in my Physics class. I shared with him my emotional difficulties, my mother’s cance r diagnosis, and my fading belief in God. In response, my friend gave me a copy of the New Testament of the Bible and recommended that I read it. I did so, albeit with great confusion. I felt drawn to the book and to Jesus, who had suffered at the hands of disbelievers, yet still wanted nothing more than to love all people. The more that I read the New Testament, the more at peace that I seemed to be. Excited, I confided in my friend about the peace I was experiencing as I read from the Bible, and I asked him to tell me more about his Lord. As we spent time reading the Bible and discussing the stories, I knew that I was changing spiritually. I did not admit to it, nor did I openly recognize it for what it was, but a transformation was taking place. I realized what was taking place within me when my father contacted me and informed me that not only had my mother stabilized, but her cancer was almost completely gone. She was even well enough to visit me in the United States a few year s later. In sheer gratitude by these wonderful events, I thanked God. As I did so, I felt that I was thanking a God that was very different from the God I had grown up praying to, the one I had known as a Muslim. Unfortunately, as the demands of college became more difficult, I altogether stopped reading my Bible. It was not until years later when, as an assignment in a humanities class, I watched the film The Passion of the Christ, that I remembered what I was missing. As I set out to do this assignment, which also required reading selected verses from the Bible, I found myself to have new curiosities into the life and teachings of the Christ. I questioned myself, as well as my beliefs as a Muslim and my knowledge from time spent reading the Bible. If the Islamic view believed that it was the only true and perfect religion, then why do the millions of Christians not embrace Islam? The more that I searched for the answer to this question, and the answers to my doubts, the more sure I became that Christianity was the only true path. Despite my acknowledgement of this truth, and though I began to regularly attend church, I still could not bring myself to accept Jesus Christ as my Lord and Savior. Then came the start of my graduate program. My application was approved to teach Engineering Physics labs at the university, my family was safe and healthy, and

Protect global peace Essay Example for Free

Protect global peace Essay It is possible to say that Woolf and Brittain created a certain peace culture which helps many soldiers and their families to overcome emotional and psychological burden of war. In contrast to Brittain, Woolf supposes that international organizations founded by pacifists, feminists, and socialists recognized the need to protect civil liberties during wartime, especially the legal rights of those, such as conscientious objectors, who spoke out against or took a stand critical of the war. Woolf also recognizes that the problem is at the center of the gendered war system; feminist pacifist women understand that state power, war-making, and manliness are linked. Woolf and Brittain similarly incline civil liberties in the broader national movement supposing that it is possible and desirable to sever the identification of masculine identity with state and military power. The main similarity between approaches proposed by Woolf and Brittain is education of women. Both authors suppose that it is also the duty of the state to protect and advance the interests of the citizens, to assist in women education, especially moral education, to safeguard the liberty and health of the citizens, and to protect private property and provide women with an opportunity to obtain a livelihood. Woolf (2003) writes: â€Å"Now that we have given one guinea towards rebuilding a college we must consider whether there is not more that we can do to help you to prevent war†. Barring women from the very kind of education required of citizens in a democracy, denying them the traits and capacities thought to be the mark of a moral individual, he ensures their second-class status both at home and in the world. Good education could help women to enter international organizations and create a powerful anti-war movement. Both authors suppose that the feminist pacifists should be grappled as individuals and in relation to one another with the polarized wartime gender system. Objectors sought to move away from the warrior ideal, the particular form of manliness favored by the state in the context of war, while the feminist-pacifist civil libertarians attempted to distance themselves from the contradictory ideal of the wartime woman as an actively loyal patriotic mother-citizen as well as a passive and defenseless creature in need of male (warrior) protection. â€Å"More than ever today women have the opportunity to build a new and better world, but in this slavish imitation of men they are wasting their chance† (Woolf 2003). Woolf and Brittain struggle to invent new identities for themselves as they resisted societal pressures to conform. This project to deconstruct and then reconstruct gender identity outside of the wartime norm was not always (or perhaps even usually) a fully self-conscious act on the part of objectors and feminist pacifists. Brittain underlines the role of a nurse stating: â€Å"Perhaps, too, the warm and profoundly surprising comfort that I derived from their presence produced a tenderness which was able to communicate back to them, in turn, something of their own rich consolation† (Brittain 1989, p. 47). However, out of the conflicts and tensions involved in the attempt to become more self-directed people emerge some fresh understandings of the personal dimension of war resistance. Like the men whom they respected, loved, and perhaps glamorized, Woolf and Brittain challenge the war system in fundamental ways. They consciously reject a compliant, patriotic role for themselves, a rejection that confounded military men and led some officers, to become verbally and physically aggressive and abusive towards them. Many men shared many common assumptions with the women of the movement: both men and women spoke not only as anti-war opponents but also as nurturing parent figures who could not abide the mindless violence and nihilism of a military system that sought to break the wills of idealistic young men. They differ in their approach towards help of women and their political role, but agree that women represent a great force which should protect global peace and stop military operations. References 1. Woolf, V. (2003). Three Guineas. Retrieved 12 April 2007, from http://etext. library. adelaide. edu. au/w/woolf/virginia/w91tg/ 2. Brittain, V. (1989). Testament of Youth. Virago Press Ltd; New Ed edition.

Eid vs Christmas Essay Example for Free

Eid vs Christmas Essay In the building with the blue windows and the diamond shaped roof tops, children dressed in red and green with rosy cheeks, were gaily singing: â€Å"Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells, Jingle all the way! Oh what fun it is to ride in a one more hoppin’ slay! Hey! Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! † In the building across the street, with the pink windows and the mosque behind it, families were visiting each other in their newly bought clothes and shining shoes, wishing each other: Eid Mubarak, Dear Brother, Dear Sister May Allah’s blessings be bestowed upon you and your family! † The year 2008 is host to Christmas and Eid al Adha during the same month, only a few days apart. One would notice that decorations and celebrations favour one of the Religious Holidays over the other. Why have we chosen to commercialise Christmas and not the Islamic event of Eid? How is it that worldwide Christmas is rejoiced at an extreme point of merriment, whereas Eid al Adha is commemorated only within its Islamic communities? The historical references of the birth of Christ (As) and the sacrifice of Ibrahim(As) and his son are known within both religions and are testimonies of social gatherings. Actually, in our Islamic religion we learn that Ibrahim (As) would sacrifice his son Ismael (As) in Makah, while among the Christians, they believe that Ibrahim (As) would sacrifice his son Isaac (As), not Ismael (As), in Palestine. Artists painted the scenes, poets rhymed the stories, authors researched the history, all in tribute to the religious aspect of the culture of their upbringings. So, why is Christmas the prize of the globalization of the market, and not Eid al Adha? Why is Christmas more widely accepted as a commercial Holiday and not Eid? Throughout history, religion has been a battleground for the survival of cultures and traditions. Territory was fought for based on religion, international communications broke down because of different convictions. Yet, the holidays seem to unite even people who are the farthest apart. Thanksgiving, Easter, Ramadan, Eid al Fitr, Eid al Adha and Christmas are celebrations that should be known worldwide; and for the most part they are. In the United States and Canada they honour Thanksgiving, also most westren countries have Easter and Christmas holidays; the Orient celebrate with some of these holidays. However, come Ramadan or Eid, and only the immediate Islamic based countries, like the Middle East and the South-Asian countries, know the details of the holiday. Abu Dhabi is an example of a multi-tradition and multi-cultural city. Every year, Ramadan is noticed and felt all over the city, even its peripheries. Usually, both Eids are just as important as Ramadan is. Nonetheless, this year, because Christmas and Eid al Adha are so close to each other, the shopping malls, hotels and other retail outlets are decorated with the spirit of Christmas and not the joy of Eid al Adha. The controversy is that this is an Islamic country, yet the atmosphere feels very occidental. There are Islamic countries that allow a one-day or two-day holiday scheme for Christmas, whereas Western countries don’t instigate the notion of respecting the religion of others in their society. This demonstrates the respect Islamic based governments have towards their inhabitants, what does it say about the Occident? The Islamic goverments does no justice to the foundation of its roots. It is quite disappointing when the nation’s leaders are not intervening and stating that Eid is as important as Christmas; maybe even more so! This is a country whose laws and government regulations are born from the Quran itself. True, Jesus’ (As) birth is a belief amongst Muslims, but so is the sacrificial symbol of the Adha a belief amongst the Christians and other religions in the world. Why can’t all cultures adopt the Islamic tradition of gifting children with new clothes and taking them out to restaurants and amusement parks? The government does not encourage Eid as much as it allows public places to be enveloped in Christmas decorations. In France, the Arab communities hold visitations and share in Islamic customs within their brotherhood, whilst around them Christmas carols are sung and the city is embellished in tinsel and goblins, awaiting the arrival of â€Å"Santa Claus†, or in their terms â€Å"Pere Noel. In Dubai, much like Abu Dhabi, hotels and restaurants have special Christmas luncheons. Shops and Malls give away special offers during the ‘Festive Season’. There is yet to be established an Eid theme blanketing the cities where Islam is the religion of base, like that of Christmas. What is even more upsetting is that Christmas is in itself less religious and more commercial than it was 500 years ago. Christmas has a face, a fi gure one can imagine when thinking of the Holiday: a jolly man, with a red suit and a white beard. He did not always look like this. â€Å"Santa Claus† acquired his red suit and the big belly through a Coca Cola advertisement in 1931. His image changed, distorted almost, into what we know now as â€Å"Ho! Ho! Ho! Merry Christmas! † by many cartoonists. â€Å"Through the centuries, Santa Claus has been depicted as everything from a tall gaunt man to an elf. He has worn a bishops robe and a Norse huntsmans animal skin. The modern-day Santa Claus is a combination of a number of the stories from a variety of countries†*. (Coca-cola. om) Children stop believing in him at a very early age, whereas before, they would reach the age of maturity and only then learn that â€Å"Santa Claus† is a spirit of St. Nicholas. Eid al Adha, was, is and always will be the same. The story never changes. The facts are facts, not subject to individual interpretation. Families pass on the same heritage that remains untouched, untainted, unpenetrated by social reform. In conclusi on, I strongly believe that the injustice the Islamic governors does, the discrimination between religions should be educated to a halt. Eid al Adha is my upbringing. Within my family, an uncle has a Christian wife, their house is always decorated with Christmas twinkles during the season; this year, they waited with the decorations until after Eid al Adha. As a Muslim in an Islamic society, I have been brought up to respect all religions and beliefs by our Islamic governments; so why now can’t the Islamic governments respect their religion that they take oath to respect, protect, and maintain it?

International Marketing Strategies Of Companies Marketing Essay

International Marketing Strategies Of Companies Marketing Essay I am a Marketing Executive, working in a mid-size firm, based in London. The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of globalisation on marketing strategies of Companies and then, convince my Manager to take necessary steps, in order to respond to Globalisation; thereby expanding market and increasing profit. To accomplish the stated objective, we need to go in-depth and analyse/understand issues from beginning, starting from What is Globalisation? WHAT IS GLOBALISATION? It is not too long, when people from one part of the world did not know the existence of others. Peoples desire to share knowledge and explore the whole world led to some major exploration likes Marco Polo and Christopher Columbus, who made the connection between Europe and America. Before this period, people had no scope to know about knowledge or innovations of others. It was the 16th century A.D. that brought Patagonian Indians to America. During the 17th century Europeans discovered Australia and by that time the whole world was recognized and was ready for contact and trade activity. This can be considered to be the earliest recorded history of the beginning of a new era called globalization (Daniels et al., 2002). Although the idea of globalization and its relation to the business world is not too old and it is only in the last two decades that the current trend of globalization has brought a dramatic change to the business world (Thoumrungroje Tansuhaj, 2004). However, Globalization has been defined by Jane Fraser and Jeremy Oppenheim (1997), in the simplest terms, as a process by which the worlds economy is transformed from a set of national and regional markets into a set of markets that operate without regard to national boundaries. WHAT DRIVES IT? In mid 1980s, after facing some fast changes in cold war, East world-West world relation became almost friendly. In addition, after the fall of Soviet Union, lot of emerging markets appeared in the context of world market, with an aspiration to enhance their living standard. In 1990s, West Germany and East Germany re-merged and appeared as a potential industrialist country in world market. Many Eastern Europe countries and transition economies countries joined in European Union. China and India started exporting goods and services to large regions of the globe, particularly to the United States. The powerful economic growth of countries, resulted in enlarged local demands, leading to divergence between provinces, discriminations in income, anxieties about employment, and increases in energy prices (Czinkota and Samli, 2007). The USA market took the leadership role in this current trend of globalization. Factors like decentralization, privatization, deregulation as well as the growth of cyberspace made the globalization process faster. Through decentralization, new trading markets and trading blocs have emerged around the world. The companies are able to produce, buy or sell goods anywhere in the world and meet the local and regional needs. On the other hand, deregulation removed the trade barriers and helped to form NAFTA, LAFTA and World Trade Organization. Also, non government organization became involved in globalization through the process of privatization. Countries like India and China became more involved in global trade due cyberspace and technological improvement (Czinkota and Samli, 2007). Many authors and scholars have talked about many characteristics of globalization around the world. But factors like fast technological progress, the deteriorating role of the nation state, transfer of industrial production from western countries to newly industrialising countries for cheap labour and material are key drivers of globalization (Brown, 1999). THE EFFECT OF GLOBALISATION The effects of globalization are spreading widely day by day. All the major industries and businesses of both developed and developing countries, along with individuals, are affected by globalization (Garrette, 2000). The current business environment is more aggressive and competitive and can be characterised as hypercompetitive environment (DAveni, 1994). As markets are becoming more global day by day, the trade involves more countries and economies around the world. World merchandise trade was $157 billion in 1963 and it has become $10,159 in 2005 which is a significant increase of $10 trillion. Also, service trade which used to be $365 billion in 1980 has increased to $2,415 billion (Held Mcgrew, 2007). The effect of globalization brought dramatic changes in the business environment and companies are restructuring their business due to this reason (Jones, 2002). One of the most strategical change and significant business development in the recent years, is the formation of co-marketing alliances (Hwang and Burgers, 1997). Globalization does not always bring good outcome to all people. It has badly affected the job sector of the developed countries, where jobs of manufacturing sector has decreased. Other issues for developed countries include the debt obligations to international bank. The amount has increased to $1 trillion which has an adverse impact on their economy. The privatisation sector, deregulation and currency adjustment has been affected due to this reason (Roukis, 2006). On the other hand, Held Mcgrew (2007) suggests that economic globalization could encourage economic development as well as it could be the only successful path to global poverty reduction. During 1970, there were more than 1400 million people who used to earn less than $2 a day and during 1998, this figure came down to less than 1000 million. WHAT IS MARKETING STRATEGY? According to Varadarajan Clark (1994), Marketing strategy is concerned with the creation of a marketing mix that enables the business to achieve its objectives in a target market. Aaker (2009 cited by Kyung Hoon Kim et al., 2012) notes that marketing strategy can involve a variety of functional area strategies including positioning, pricing, distribution, and global strategies. The overriding principle driving a firms marketing strategy is that, marketing strategy depends on the companys vision for its future. This vision generally reflects where the firm expects to position itself in five to ten years-in effect, how the market perceives the firm. The development of a marketing strategy needs a basic assessment of both the firm and the market. The strategy, chosen, has to be the best at increasing the firms assets, with respect to the target market (Kyung Hoon Kim et al., 2012) Also, the key task of international marketing management is to establish a companys overall international strategy which also decides the degree of international integration of the company (Ghauri Cateora, 2006). INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND GLOBAL MARKETING Global marketing or globalization of markets is a key issue for multinational business firms. Many companies who markets global products around the world such as Nestle, Sony, and many others has to carefully look for opportunities in the international markets. Globalization of markets is a challenging issue for governments and political party or trade unions while business related people or organizations encourage the initiative of open trade which connects different markets by going beyond the national boundary. The technological advancement of the 21st century has been a key factor behind global marketing. Consumers around the world wants new and innovative product even if they are being made in the other part of the world because technology makes them aware about the existence of that new product. Business firms accept this commercial reality and as result enjoy greater economies of scale in production or marketing or distribution. As a result, the globalization of business helps them to offer products at a cheaper rate and thus gain a competitive advantage among its competitors (Buzzel et al.,1995). Although global marketing strategy and globalization of markets are two interrelated areas but there is a little difference between them. Global marketing strategy is needed in order to improve the efficiency of operations while globalization of markets is occurring due to the homogeneity of demand across cultures (Ghauri Cateora, 2006). Due to the raise in globalization of markets day by day companies find they are inevitably surrounded by foreign consumers as well as their competitors and suppliers. On the other hand, different countries have to admit the limitation of their own assets and the advantage of trade activities outside their own boundaries. Thus engaging in international business for both firms and countries are very much essential. According to Ghauri and Cateora (2006), the following factors play an important role in shaping of international business. Each country or economy is dependent to other economies. The formulation of free trade areas such as ASEAN, EU, APEC and NAFTA and the expansion of business activities in those areas. Countries having greater purchasing power due to their improving economy The arrival of new and potential markets with a large number of customers such as countries like India, China, Russia, Brazil, Malaysia etc. Technological advancement has been the key factor behind the improvement of transportation and communication. In order to engage in international business, companies need to have proper international marketing strategies. As international markets bring new opportunities and threats, appropriate strategies could help them to overcome possible difficulties in the international markets. Also, international companies need to respond to customer needs and wants by adapting existing product or by bringing new product to the market (Bradley, 2002). EFFECT OF GLOBALISATION ON COMPANIES MARKETING STRATEGIES According to Czinkota Samli (2007), Globalization enables international marketing to take place all around us, and to continuously offer new opportunities and challenges. Successful economies are always driven by customer needs and wants. The bureaucratic plans do not play an important role there. On the other hand, a firm must have a strategic response to the challenges of global market. Companies which are expanding their business in domestic market need to choose an appropriate strategy suitable to their situation. Since a global company is involved in many countries economy, it brings the idea of standardizing the marketing activities. The recent trend in globalization encourages the companies as well as countries to engage more in world trade activities. World exports were three times higher in 1998 than 1950; according to a WTO estimate, in 2001 this ratio was 29 per cent and in 2005 it was 27 per cent comparing to 12.5 per cent in 1970 and 17 per cent in 1990. In spite of 11 September attack in the USA the world economy is still achieving a rapid growth (Held Mcgrew, 2007). Also, Czinkota and Samli (2007) suggest that the base of globalization has two dimensions. The first one deal with deregulation, decentralization, the development of electronic data transfer and the other is characterised by capital flow, information and technological development. These features accelerate globalization, which enable companies to engage in international trade activity. Thus globalization provides a powerful foundation for international marketing to make progress. CO-MARKETING ALLIANCES According to Hewang and Burgers (1997, cited by Thoumrungroje and Tansuhaj, 2004), one of the recent trends to overcome the globalization effects has been the formation of marketing alliances. As companies around the world are restructuring their business to meet the global threats co-marketing alliances can bring greater success in the international marketing performances. In simple words, Anderson and Narus (1990, cited by Louis P. Bucklin Sanjit Sengupta, 1993) defines Co-marketing alliances as a form of working partnership with mutual recognition and understanding that the success of each firm depends in part on the other firm. Its a contractual relationship between the two firms, whose respective products acts as complimentary products, in the market. The purpose of such relationship is to intensify and/or build awareness, about benefits of such complementarities. The co-ordination between firms can be extended into product development, product and even research development. Also, according to Hoskisson et al. (2004, cited by Thoumrungroje and Tansuhaj, 2004), co-marketing alliances are a particular type of strategic alliance which is a business level competitive strategy. The primary focus of such alliance is to create a competitive advantage in the international market. It is also called horizontal complementary strategic alliance. The main objective of such alliance formation is to maximize the companies profit by utilizing their resources and capabilities. Co-marketing alliances also helps firms to gain better market position through increasing sales and market share. The following figure explains the relationship between co-marketing alliance, globalization effects and international marketing performance. Global Competitive environment Global Market Uncertainty Cooperation in Co-Marketing Alliance International Marketing Performance Global Market Opportunities Conceptual relationship of globalization effects, cooperation and performance. Source Adapted from (Thoumrungroje and Tansuhaj ,2004). However, Co-marketing alliance does have significant management challenges, in spite of its potential contribution. There are chances of disagreement between partners, as they often tend to compete with each other in terms of product lines and occasionally, even those covered by co-marketing agreement. In fact, there is a high possibility of opportunism as one of the partners may use the other to gain market position only; or may be to build technological skills from the knowledge of the others intellectual property. (Louis P. Bucklin Sanjit Sengupta, 1993) STANDARDISATION VERSUS ADAPTATION Its been a long time, since the two opposing international marketing strategies have been debated upon standardisation versus adaptation of products. Standardization means selling essentially the same product in all markets. The advantage of standardisation is low costs, as designing, manufacturing and distributing same product across countries involves less of investment. However, selling identical products across borders may be undesirable due to differences in the legal environments, distribution channels, climates, topography, levels of market and technological development, and competitive and cultural factors. As customers of different countries have different requirements, a standardised product might not be able to satisfy all customers. (Roger J. Calantone et al. 2004) On the other hand, product adaptation refers to the degree to which the physical characteristics or attributes of a product and its packaging differs across national markets (Cavusgil et al., 1993 cited by Roger J. Calantone et al. 2004). Though customising products for different markets increases cost, the adapted products are more likely to fit the needs of the varied range of customers of different countries and become more acceptable; but would command higher margins, generating greater revenues. For example, Procter Gambles (PG) Oil of Olay skin moisturizer has different type of product in different countries, based on research of the need of customers in those countries; instead of just changing the language on the bottle of the same product. Doole and Lowe (1999) suggests within the elements of marketing management products or service image or marketing objective and strategies can be standardised easily than pricing or distribution. Pricing Differentiation Distribution Sales force Sales promotion Product Image Objective strategy Standardisation In one of the important studies on this topic, Cavusgil et al. (1993) concluded that it is difficult to make blanket statements about suitable standardization/adaptation strategy without an examination of (these factors). The preferable option for firms is to take such a strategy which is a mixture of standardisation as well as adaptation of the different elements of marketing management programmes. Most companies around the world globalise some elements of the marketing mix while localising others and they use a combination of multi-domestic, global or regional, and transitional strategies. Many international firms find it difficult to optimally balance standardizing and adapting their marketing, specifically the marketing strategies, across national borders, in order to be successful. Also, in the process of internationalisation, firms need to find the correct approach towards globalisation, regionalisation and localisation of business activities, in general, along with finding a way to transfer the approach to their marketing strategies level (Stefan Schmid and Thomas Kotulla, 2011). CONCLUSION This study has found more positive effects of globalization than negative ones. Globalisation has lead to the change of marketing strategies of companies to some extent, but its ultimate objective has been profit maximization rather than anything else. Several effects of the current globalization trends include formation of co-marketing alliances as well as the standardization or adaptation of marketing mix. Therefore, as per the evidences provided above, I would like to request my Manager to either start co-marketing alliance with a company or to bring about changes in the marketing mix with respect to standardisation or adaptation; in order to go beyond boundaries and maximise our profit.

Voices Of Women Writers Lesson Essay -- essays research papers fc

Parents play a crucial role in the development of children, varying from culture to culture. Although imperative, the mother and daughter relationship can be trivial. Many women writers have exercised their knowledge and shared their feelings in their works to depict the importance and influence of mothers upon daughters. Jamaica Kincaid, Maxine Hong Kingston, and Kiana Davenport are only three of the many women writers who have included mother and daughter themes in their texts. These writers explore the journeys of women in search of spiritual, mental and individual knowledge. As explained by these authors, their mothers' words and actions often influence women both negatively and positively. These writers also show the effects of a mother's lesson on a daughter, while following women's paths to discovery of their own voice or identity. In Kincaid's poem, Girl; Hong Kingston's novel, Woman Warrior; and Davenport's short story, The Lipstick Tree, various themes are presented in cont rasting views and contexts, including the influence of mothers upon daughters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is said that a girl can often develop some of her mother's characteristics. Although, in their works, Kincaid, Hong Kingston and Davenport depict their protagonists searching for their own identities, yet being influenced in different ways by their mothers. Jamaica Kincaid's poem Girl, is about a young woman coming-of-age receiving helpful advice from her mother. In this poem, Kincaid addresses several issues where a mother's influence is beneficial to a young woman's character. The mother, or speaker, in Girl, offers advice to her daughter- advice that she otherwise would not learn without being told or shown. The mother advises the daughter about everyday tasks, and how to go about them properly (in her opinion). 'Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap; wash the color clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to day; don't walk bare-head in the hot sun;…this is how to sew on a button; this is how to make a buttonhole for the button you have just sewed on; … this is how you sweep a corner; this is how you sweep the whole house…'; Most importantly, the mother offers advice that only a mother should. Although she is being informative and authoritative, the mother's tone is often condescending. In particul... ...m, falling asleep wrapped in the smell of her childhood…She climbed to the top of the bunker again, and studied the horizon, seeing herself decanted into the future, going even further than WeWak…';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jamaica Kincaid, Maxine Hong Kingston, Kiana Davenport utilize the methods of fiction and non-fiction to represent influential relationships such as the mother and daughter. In each of these texts, the writers present their perspective and knowledge, varying by culture and context. From each writer, the expression that individuality and lessons learned from mothers are essential for the development for a woman's identity. But most importantly, these writers evoke that it is beneficial to discover femininity and strength by going beyond tradition and the norm. Works Cited Davenport, Kiana. The Lipstick Tree. Women Writers coursepack. Fall 1999.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.crwrl.utexas.e du/~natasha/usauto_html/kingston/gender.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kincaid, Jamica. Girl. Women Writers coursepack. Fall 1999   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kingston, Maxine Hong. The Woman Warrior. Random House: NY, April 1976.

Oil In April 2000 :: essays research papers

W A S H I N G T O N, April 6 — The good news for consumers is gas prices are anticipated to drop this summer. But the bad news is the decline will be slow. With an increase in international oil production as a backdrop, the Energy Department today dramatically revised its forecast for summer gasoline prices. The agency said prices should peak later this month and begin dropping sometime in May, averaging about $1.46 a gallon throughout the summer. Even Cheaper Fall Prices And there’s even more good news: Gasoline prices may dip lower still by fall, according to the agency. Prices may fall to a national average of $1.39 after Labor Day, the department’s Energy Information Administration said in its revised short-term forecast. â€Å"By then I expect we will have started to see some economic growth deterioration and I think from there we probably will see demand start to come under some pressure,† said Peter Beutel, president of Cameron Hanover, an energy ri sk management firm in Connecticut. â€Å"So, I think we probably will see prices closer to $1.30 or maybe even $1.25.† What Happened to the $2 Estimate? Just a month ago, the Energy Department said even with increased oil production, gasoline prices were expected to soar to a national average of as much as $1.80 a gallon and likely reach $2 a gallon in some places by July. So what’s changed between now and then? A key international oil meeting in Vienna, Austria. The EIA in its latest forecast assumed additional oil would begin hitting the U.S. market by June as a result of a decision March 28 by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. OPEC agreed to boost production by as much as 1.7 million barrels a day. Other non-OPEC producers also have said they would increase production. And production increases mean refilled petroleum stocks and lower prices for oil products including gasoline. †We are more optimistic today. Some of the tightening of the market has improved,† said EIA Administrator Jay Hakes. Nationally, the average cost of regular grade gasoline was $1.52 a gallon in March, with the average for all grades, including premium, a nickel higher, the agency said. Revisions Still 25 Percent Higher But don’t get too excited just yet. The agency’s latest revision is still 25 percent higher than summer prices a year ago. The average motorist is expected to pay about $170 more for gasoline this summer than last, according to the EIA.

Swifts Powerful Message in A Modest Proposal Essay -- Swift Modest Pr

Swifts' Powerful Message in A Modest Proposal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   In the Holy Bible, Jesus Christ states that there will always be poor, pathetic, struggling masses and nothing we can do will ever completely eliminate this element.   Swift also acknowledges the homeless people, but in a different vein than Christ.   In "A Modest Proposal," the narrator expresses pity for the poor, but at the same time he strives to maintain his social dominance over them.   According to Swift, the English-Irish common people of the time exist in a disgusting state, a fact that he attempts to make the English Parliament aware of.   The poor that Swift refers to are Catholics, peasants, and every homeless man, woman, and child in the entire kingdom.   Swift is worried that the Parliament is ignorant of the fact that there is a great socioeconomic distance between the increasing number of peasants and the aristocracy, and that this distance has powerful repercussions.   Swift conveys his message in essay-form with satire, humor, and shock value as his weapons.   Swift pursues his main point in the first paragraph:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is a melancholy object to those who walk through [Dublin]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     . . .when they see . . .beggars of the female sex, followed by   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   passenger for an alm... ... in Irish affairs, and furthermore, the expanding British Empire.   Thus "A Modest Proposal" does not present an answer to the societal problems of its day, but ultimately raises more questions.   Not questions of fact, but questions of a profound socio-philosophical nature.   Works Cited and Consulted: Swift, Jonathan. "A Modest Proposal: For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public." 1729. Rpt. in Current Issues and Enduring Questions. Ed. Sylvan Barnet and Hugo Bedau. Boston, MA: St. Martin's 1996. 111-117. "Johathan Swift." Bookshelf 1996-1997 Edition 1996. CD-ROM. Redmond, WA: Microsoft, 1996.

Figures of Authority in” The Crucible” by Arthur Miller Essay

One of the most important themes in Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is the nature of authority and people who abuse it. In the story, authority is determined by the religious status one has in the community and often education plays a role. Nowadays, authority is noted by the place you have in society and is also based on education and sometimes wealth. It seems that whenever there is a figure of authority, there is always someone abusing the power designated to them. Back in the Puritan times, religious leaders like reverends and people skilled in the teachings of the Bible were the authority figures; and even with attempting to do good by following the word of God like they were supposed to, there were many occurrences where they smuggled in some law or did something for the benefit of themselves because they dominated and felt like no one below them could rebel against that or else they would be punished. This happened so often because people feared authority and the thought of the punishment they would receive was horrible because everything was tolerated a lot less, so they did not rise up to correct these happenings. One example of the power of authority being abused in The Crucible, is the fact that Reverend Parris spends too much money on things that the church doesn’t need, for his own benefit. It seems as though he is more preoccupied with getting things that are an advantage to himself and his name, than he is with his religion and God. An example of someone noticing this is when John Proctor says, â€Å"A minister may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar sir, when I look to heaven and see my money glaring at Parris’s elbows- it hurt my prayer,† and then he goes on to say, â€Å"I like it not that Mr. Parris should lay his hand upon my baby. I see no light of God in that man. I’ll not conceal it.'† (Act 2, Scene 3 p., 856). He is speaking of not baptizing his children because he does not believe that Parris is a proper server of God. Now, authority is everywhere, from the president, to the police, to people you respect like teachers and parents. You see the neglect of power even more nowadays than you did in the Puritan times, and they usually leave a larger impact. For example, in an article by Catherine Ford titled, ‘Give authority figures an inch†¦ they’ll take a mile,’ she speaks of a high  school in Canada where teachers were given the right by the Supreme Court of Canada to strip-search their students if they are thought to be breaking the rules of authority. Twenty freshman boys at Kingswell High School in Ontario were stripped searched when they were the suspects in stealing ninety dollars from the school. Strip-searching teenagers for such a minor offense shouldn’t be allowed, even if the government in Canada has a different idea on that than the United States does. It even states in the article that, â€Å"A malicious and predatory authority can make hard time an exqui sitely painful emotional, mental and physical experience.† Now after the ordeal, the vice president of the school realizes that it was the wrong thing to do. How is it that people don’t realize something is wrong until after it is done? Another example of the abuse of power is the whole rule of Saddam Hussein in Iraq. He goes and kills innocent people in his country because they do not support him fully. He took over Iraq with military force and is now the president, or military leader of that country. He abuses the power he has given himself quite often and in cruel ways. For example, in an article written by Robert Prather, he states, â€Å"To accomplish his own rule, Saddam has shed so much blood. If his aim is for his power to be transferred to his family after his death, I think this is far into the realm of wishful thinking.† That quote taken from the article shows that to get what he wants, Saddam uses the power he has to kill people that stand up against him. It is almost like it was back in the Puritan days where the people were afraid to stand up against the one who was in charge, except now, you can’t even identify his followers, so if you were to say something insulting about Hussein, you c ould get arrested or killed without even expecting it. As you can see, in most cases when authority is represented, there is always going to be one person misusing the power that they have in being authority; and when there are people misusing their power, there are always going to be people below them, too afraid to stand up for what they know is right. Hopefully, sometime when history decides to stop repeating itself, people will learn that if they stick together, then they can rebel against the one or few that are misusing their power of authority.

Historical documen Essay

Do you believe every historical document or book was true? Before, we consider if the historical documents or books are true; first, we have to look at the historical event with a different point of view because it is easy to get biased information; if we only focus on one side of the event. In the book After The Fact â€Å"The View from the Bottom Rail† by James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle, the authors demonstrate that discovering the historical story of the freed people is difficult because histories deal with â€Å"top rail† rather than the â€Å"bottom rail† of the lower social classes. Therefore, the freed people’s history has become flawed. Writing about a historical event is exceedingly difficult, because we have to consider different points of view. Thus, if a historian focused on only one side of the story, the historical event will remain biased. For example, the history of slavery was biased and was not accurate. According to the authors, the black slaves could not read or write during that time; even if someone could read, they had to hide this skill from their masters. Then, almost of the written books or documents about slavery were written by the white masters. Therefore, the information was not only accurate but also biased because the information came from white masters rather than slaves who actually know the truth. Moreover, although the interviews came from slaves, almost every interviewee experienced slavery by his or her childhood; therefore, the interviews were also biased because they focused on those who survived slavery. As the author explains, â€Å"the average life expectancy of a slave in 1850 was less than fifty years†(Davison and Lytle 180). Thus, when they were interviewed by someone, they were old. Two-thirds of them were over 80 years old; that could lead us to assume that they were treated less harsh than other people who died early because of harsher treatment in earlier years. Moreover, as interviewees get older, their memories could fade, and they could not certainly remember the details. This is common sense that if the event occurred a long time ago, the person could not remember every detail. In addition, the interviewees couldn’t answer honestly because they were scared. One interviewee says,† I’ve told you too much. How come they want all this stuff from the colored people anyway? Do you take any stories from the white people?† (Davison and Lytle 183). Like the interviewee, other interviewees were also scared to speak out about what they really experienced because they thought speaking out frankly would put them in a trouble. Therefore, they could not answer honestly. In retrospect, the slave interviews become flawed, and it was biased, because the interviews were not considering different points of view. Additionally, there was no voice recorder, which could provide us with what the interviewees truly said to the interviewer. Therefore, when we look at historical events, we have to consider different points of view; thus, we do not accept everything we just find out or read. As the authors state, we cannot believe everything at â€Å"face value† before we carefully discover.

Dell Summary

DELL INC STRATEGIC POSITION, CHOICE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Table 1: PESTEL | | |Meaning to dell? |Dell’s ability to | | | | |address. | |Political Factors |China’s five-year plan has a clear set of social objectives. 23) |Good chance for Dell to grow |Very good. | | |Increased government spending helped China for the first time to beat the US to become the |in BRICS nation. | | | |world's biggest PC market. (24) | | | | |Restrictive policies in many countries for the protection of domestic companies. 25) | | | | |BRICS sign framework pact for local-currency credit lines. (26) | | | | |European Commission Unveils New intellectual property rights (IPR) Strategy (27) | | | |Economic |The US Debt Crisis and Downgraded Credit Rating. 28) |Global consumers spending |Moderate | |Factors |Global Economy growth forecast 4 % in 2011 and 2012. (Advanced economies 1. 6% and 1. 9 % |less Increased competition. | | | |Emerging and developing economies 6. 4% & 6. 1% ,US 1. 5 % & 1. 8%,China9. 5 9. 0 ) (29) | | | | |Canalys predicts 14% growth in PC market for 2011. 30) | | | | |China has topped the US as the largest PC market worldwide (31) | | | | |Economies in developing countries like growing at faster rates than developed countries. (32)| | | |Social | Education affects brand consciousness, product demand. 42) |Consumers willing to pay more|Very good. | |Factors |Income levels (40) |for higher quality. | | | |Cultural aspects affect sales. (39) | | | |Technological Factors | Fast technological advances (33) |Needs continuous products |Good. | |Increased research and development. (33) |innovation and redesigning. | | | |Short product life cycle. (41) | | | |Environmental | Adds to Global warming. (34) |Requires focus for |Moderate. | |Factors |High Environmental effects. 35) |sustainability. | | | |The global volume of e-waste generated is expected to reach 93. 5 million tons in 2016 from | | | | |41. 5 million tons in 2011 at a CAGR of 17. 6% from 201 1 to 2016. (36) | | | |Legal Factors | Minimum wages restrictions in many countries. Effects to its profit margin. |Good. | | |Strict recycling laws in some countries. (37) | | | | |Existence of consumer rights and labour rights. (38) | | | | |Competition laws, employment laws, health and safety legislation. 38) | | | Table 2: Porter’s 5 Forces | |Forces |Factors |Strength | |1 |Threat of New Entrants | |Low | | | |In PC industry, not many competitors emerging on a yearly basis. 17] | | | | |Chance of a new PC vendor entering the market and gaining significant market share is pretty| | | | |slim. [18] | | | | |Entry barriers are higher now than they ever have been. [18] | | | | |Capital required is huge. 18] | | | | |Cost and distribution are two of the entry barriers that are making entry into the PC market| | | | |tough. [18] | | | | |Computer industry is highly competitive with continuing developments. 17] | | | | |People likely to go with big brands they ‘knowâ⠂¬â„¢. [17] | | |2 |Power of Suppliers |Suppliers such as INTEL and Microsoft holds significant amount of power. [17] |High | | | |Intel’s microprocessor chips are used in approximately 80% of personal computers. [18] | | | | |Microsoft operating systems are used in 90% of computers. 18] | | |3 |Power of Buyers |PC has become a commodity. [19] |Moderate | | | |There is no brand loyalty among PC users. [19] | | | | |Use of industry standard hardware and software means a user can easily switch from one brand| | | | |to another. 19] | | |4 |Threat of Substitute | Organizers, PDAs, blackberries and Tablets are the substitutes of PC industry. [20, 21] | | | | |PC market growth has been impacted by media tablets and next-generation smartphones. [21] |High | | | |It is anticipated that tablets will Cannibalize 10 % of PCs by 2014. [21] | | |5 |Existing Rivalry |1. 6Acer, Apple, Hewlett-Packard and Lenovo are the major competitors of Dell. [17] | | | | |1. 17 Attractive new gadgets such as Apple's iPad making PC industry saturated. [22] |High | Table 3: Value Chain Analysis |Primary Activities: | | |Inbound logistics |Higher density container & trailer shipment via sea, air & road to reduce fuel consumption. 1] | | |Use of foam pallets instead of wood for shipping, which reduce cost of freight by reducing weight. [1] | | |Dell relies on its highly reliable suppliers for materials. [2] | |Operations: |Produce built to order computers according to individual costumers needs. [2] | | |Use the knowledge from direct contact with its customers. 2] | |Outbound Logistics: |Logistics teams leverage the best transportation and logistics providers available in the industry. [1] | | |Dell sends computers monitors directly from its supplier to customers reducing the cost of storage and time of transfer. [2] | | |Use of direct selling models reduce coast to customers. 2] | |Marketing and sales:|Expanding relationships with retail partners around the world [1] | | |Use o f direct selling model thereby reducing cost of distribution channels and communication gaps between customers and company. | | |[2] | | |Direct selling models helps to understand unmet customer needs. 2] | | |24000 retail outlets worldwide, including contracts with Walmart Brazil and Maxico , and Gome Group, the largest electronic | | |seller in Chaina. [16] | |Services: |Dell spent lot of money in training segment managers to provide state of the art customer advice. 2] | | |Customer solutions team collaborate with customers to fulfil there unmet needs. [2] | |Support Activities: | | |Procurement: |Material used is not protected under any trade mark or copy right. [2] | | |Any competitors can use the same materials from same suppliers as suppliers tend to sell generally to all players in industry. | |[2] | |Technology: |Introduce new and relevant technology much more quickly than competitors who use slow moving distribution channels. [2] | |Infrastructure: |Revolutionized compu ter industry’s traditional value chain by introducing direct selling model. [2] | | |Use ROIC as mean of managerial performance and individual business units performance. [2] | | |Inventory turnover is 6 days. 2] | |Human Resources: |Dell staff has to be knowledgeable and customer focused to provide best outcome. [2] | | |Train its segment managers to provide state of the art customers’ service. [2] | Table 4: Generic Forces | | | | |Broad |COST LEADERSHIP DIFFERENTIATION | |Market | | | | |Supply chain efficiencies. [62] |Unique Customer services. [63] | | |Direct sales model allowed Dell to pursue Cost |Dell (PRODUCT)RED signature products contribute directly to Global Fund to help | | |Leadership Strategy. 62] |eliminate AIDS in Africa. [64] | | | |Robust market share by holding 12% of worldwide pc market. [65] | | | |Alienware M11x the first ultraportable gaming notebook. [66] | | | |Dell precision Mb6400 a high-performance mobile workstation. 67] | | | |Dell Str eak 7 is the first 7† tablet that has dual-core processor that supports 4G. [69] | |Narrow |FOCUSED LOW COST |FOCUSED DIFFERENTIATION | |Market |Introduced low-cost notebooks for consumers and small |Dell first introduced Streak Android-based tablet computer for doctors and other | | |businesses in Asian markets. [66] |clinicians. 70] | Table 5: Ansoff Product Market Matrix: | |Existing products |New Products | |Existing |1. 1. $155 million acquisition of MessageOne Inc(industry leader in |1. 4 Announced new tablet latitude XT3 for business customers that allows | |Market |SaaS) enables enterprise level email business continuity, |grater mobility, security and manageability. 6] | | |compliance, archiving, disaster management. [4,5] |1. 5 Announced 24 new products including smart phone, tablets, netbooks, | | |1. 2. Introduced existing alienware and XPS laptops with HD 3D |desktops etc. [7] | | |screen. [9] | | | |1. Unveiled new series of printers, projector and monitors in | | | |2011. [12] | | |New Market |1. 6 Introduces 4 new low cost PC for emerging markets like China. |1. 10 Introduced new android based smart phones and windows phone. [8] | | |India etc in 2008. 11] |1. 11Introduced android based streak tablet designed for doctors and | | |1. 7 Launched comprehensive rage of printers in India in 2011. [12] |clinicians. [10] | | |1. 8 Contracted with Gome Group, the largest electronic retailer in |1. 12 Introduced cloud computing that provide IaaS based on VMware. | | |china. 16] |[14,15] | | |1. 9 Only 5. 1% Indians and 9% Chinese have computers. 75% Americans| | | |have computers. [16] | | Table 6: Boston Construction Group Matrix |Relative Market Share (Cash Generation) | |Market Growth Rate |HIGH |HIGH |LOW | |(Cash Usage) | | | | | | |Stars: |Question Marks: | | | |Personal computers [43] |Dell tablet [45] | | | |cloud computing services[44] | | | |LOW |Cash Cows: |Dogs: | | | |Customised systems [46] |Printers [48] | | | |Ink ca rtridge [47] |5 inch Streak Smartphone [49] | Table 7: Dells Acquisitions. Success of Dell’s Acquisitions | |Ingredient acquisitions [72] | |Acquired KACE in 2010 increases 1200 business customers and tripled in value. [72] | |HP doubled the Dell’s bid for 3PAR INC. a storage network company. [73] | |Made 12 acquisitions in last year. [74] | |Virtually all acquisitions were successful [74] | |Acquired ‘equal logic’ 3 years ago and turned revenue of $100 m into $1 Billion post acquisition [75] | Table 8 : Suitability, Acceptability, Feasibility | | | | |GENERIC STRATEGIES |BCG MATRIX STRATEGIES | | | | | | | | | | |Cost Leadership|Differentiation |Focus / Low Cost |Focus / Differentiator |STARS |CASH COWS | |   |   |YE 30/1/09 |YE |YE 28/1/11|YE |YE |YE |YE 31/10/08 | | | | |29/1/10 | |31/12/08|31/12/09|31/12/10| | Table 10: Financial Ratios for DELL Inc (2006-10) |   |   |2006 |2007 |2008 |2009 |2010 |Industry Average|Ref | |   |Profitabilit y Ratios |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |2 |Net profit margin (%) |4. 5 |4. 82 |4. 05 |2. 71 |4. 28 |6. 7 |[51,52] | |3 |Return on total assets (%) |13. 05 |3. 89 |12. 54 |6. 01 |8. 68 |8. 14 |[50,52] | |4 |Return on capital employed (%) |43. 22 |42. 86 |29. 35 |14. 87 |18. 57 |16. 42* |[50] | |5 |Return on equity (%) |58. 19 |76. 97 |58. 02 |25. 4 |33. 93 |13. 65 |[50,52] | |6 |Solvency ratio (%) |17. 32 |13. 89 |16. 12 |16. 76 |20. 12 |25. 9* |[50] | |   |Efficiency Ratios |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |8 |Net asset turnover |7. 32 |6. 77 |5. 25 |3. 6 |3. 22 |1. 51 |[50,52] | |9 |Debtor days (days) |30 |36 |29 |41 |39 |45. 25* |[51] | |10 |Creditor days(days) |80 |86 |61 |97 |84 |52. 5* |[51] | |   |Liquidity Ratios |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |12 |Quick ratio |1. 08 |1. 01 |1. 3 |1. 22 |1. 42 |1. 15 |[51,52] | |   |Stability Ratios |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |14 |Interest cover |68. 22 |76. 44 |34. 3 |13. 57 |17. 25 |2. 5 |[50,52] | |15 |Debt/Equity(%) |12. 82 |9. 45 |44. 44 |60. 57 |66. 26 |21. 43 |[51,52] | |   |Investors Ratios |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |17 |P/E ratio |23. 16 |15. 48 |7. 45 |17. 61 |9. 64 |14. 2 |[50,52] | |18 |Dividend yield |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2. 09 |[50,52] | [pic][76] 77] Figure 3: Financial Rations (Table 10) |REFERENCES | | |http://content. dell. com/ – Accessed 6 October 2011. |http://www. oppapers. com/essays (accessed: October 8, 2011) | |http://ivythesis. typepad. com/ Accessed 6 Oct 2011. |http://www. scribd. com/doc (accessed: October 9, 2011) | |http://www. businessweek. com/ – Accessed 27 September 2011. |http://2point8. blogspot. com/2006 (accessed: October 9, 2011) | |http://www. dell. com/us/ Accessed 17 Oct 2011. |http://knol. google. om/k (accessed: October 9, 2011) | |http://www. gartner. com/ Accesses 17 Oct 2011. |http://it. tmcnet. com/topics (accessed: October 9, 2011) | |http://techmento. com/2011/02/14/ Accessed 17 Oct 2011. |http://www. usatoday. com/tech (accessed: October 9, 2011) | |http://www. pcmag. com/ Accessed 17 Oct 2011. |IPPR, China in the global economy, July 2011 | |http://www. unwiredview. com/2011/09/30/ Accessed 17 Oct 2011. |Owen Fletcher, China Passes U. 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PhD program Essay

I would like to present my personal statement for consideration for a PhD program at the highly esteemed Brunel University. The Uk is home to the world’s leading universities and is characterized by diversify, tradition, a blend of tradition and sophistication and immense economic advantages. Studying in the Uk will make e competitive and will have a global edge over students from other countries. I choose to pursue the PhD course so as to attain further qualification in my area of expertise s I will exhibit higher competence and knowledge levels. The world is rapidly changing with individual being required to be specialists in their areas of expertise. Specialization means that distinct tasks are assigned to specific individuals. This creates a sense of responsibility and accountability thus increasing staff productivity. It will also improve my career prospects and eventually lead to my qualification for pay. I believe this is a natural human instinct to want to do better socially and is part of the self-actualization process. A postgraduate qualification will present me with the knowledge of improving efficiency in educational planning and administration. There is a lot of debate surrounding the investment in education, with eyebrows being raised on the commitment of educators to the process. It is without a doubt that educators play a central role in any integrated education system and have a powerful impact on the success of students. This is illustrated by comparison of performance of students in institution of varying quality. I choose Brunel University because it has been renowned for over forty years as a center of quality and a leader in education in terms of teaching and research. Brunel lays emphasis ion the development of life skill such as communication, which enables its students to have interpersonal skills that render them successful within personal and professional circles. This is also encourages through the rare quality of student and staff interaction. The fact that Brunel has only one campus encourages interaction and socialization of its diverse student population. This demonstrates its commitment to the development of human values. Brunel University has a reputable academic resource facility that is constantly being updated with the latest resources so as to ensure that its student fraternity is in step with the rest of the world. Technology has also been integrated into the system, as Brunel is aware of the importance of technology to education. For the postgraduate students, Brunel has an especially specially designee program that is customized to suit their individual needs. The fact that research is at the very center of Brunel’s educational approach is very attractive to me. Brunel offers the opportunity for supported research by offering the PhD students two supervisors to assist them through out their program by monitoring and assessing their progress. This assists the students to stay on track and to be able to finish their program in good time. I love my work as a teacher and failure to do so would only spell disaster for my students. I am a very humble, affectionate and pleasant person with a deep sense of commitment, devotion and loyalty to my work and my students. I have excellent organization, leadership and time management skill with an ability to multitask and prioritize competing and demanding deadlines. I am capable of working as an individual or as part of a team. I hope that you will consider me favorably and give me the opportunity to be a part of the Brunel community.

Systems maintainence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Systems maintainence - Research Paper Example Theoretically, a reliable product is completely free of any technical errors. In practical world, there is no an ideal system (Huo, Zhang, Wang, & Yan, 2005). The reliability-Centred Maintenance Reliability-Centred Maintenance, simply called RCM is a system improvement approach that focuses on identifying and fixing the maintenance, operational and capital enhancement policies that would manage the dangers of equipment failure in the most effective way (Hauge & Johnston, 2001). It is a framework that facilitates the definition of a total maintenance regime. It considers maintenance as the means through which the functions required by a user are met. As a discipline, RCM enables machinery stakeholders to observe, predict, asses, and in general terms understand the working of their practical assets (Douglas & Greg, 1997). This is included in the first part of the RCM procedures that involves identifying the operating context of the given system, and document a Failure Mode Effects and Critically Analysis Applying the â€Å"RCM logic† is the second part of the analysis, which helps to establish the suitable maintenance tasks for the spotted failure modes of FMECA. Immediately the logic is complete for the entire FMECA elements, the outcome of the maintenance are â€Å"packed† in order for the task periodicities to be rationalized and be called up in the work packets. However, it is vital not to demolish the maintenance applicability at this stage. Lastly, it is advisable for RCM to be kept live during the entire â€Å"in-service† machinery life, where the efficiency of the maintenance is reviewed constantly and adjusted as per the experience obtained (Douglas & Greg, 1997). The RCM method can be used to recognize the most effective way to utilize resources for medical system maintenance. It involves spotting out actions that when applied, will decrease the possibility of failure and that are more cost-friendly. It seeks the best mix of Conditi on-founded actions, a Run-to Failure, or Time-or-Cycle-Based operations approach. Reliability-Cantered Maintenance is a continuous process that collects data on uses and performance of data to enhance planning for maintenance in future. These maintenance methods, rather than being used independently, are put together to take advantage of their respective powers to optimise equipment/departmental operation and competence within a particular resource constraint (Huo, Zhang, Wang, & Yan, 2005). RCM approach employs Planned Preventive Maintenance (PPM), repair, proactive maintenance methods, and Predictive Testing and Inspection. (PT&I) techniques are an integrated way to increase the likelihood that a medical component or device will work in the required way over its design life-cycle. The aim of this approach is to offer the required availability and reliability at the lowest cost possible. It necessitates that maintenance decisions be founded on the requirements justified by economic and technical support. Like for any approach, there are numerous processes or paths that lead to an eventual end. This is especially a reality for RCM, where the results of failure can differ dramatically (Hauge & Johnston, 2001). Define supportability and how it is used in the system design process Supportability refers to the level to which the design features of a support or standby system meet the operational needs of a firm (Yu, Li, Jia, & Li, 2012). In